Spray gun and spray head therefor



G. W. BRYANT SPRAY GUN AND SPRAY HEAD THEREFOR Filed May 14, 1927 2 SheetsSheet ill I?! @awf 'vmc-mtoz %W & 9 r a July 30, 1929. w BRYANT 1,722,892

SPRAY GUN AND SPRAY HEAD THEREFOR v Patented .luly 30, 1929.

UNITED STATES 4 1,722,892 PATENT OFFICE.

I GEORGE WILLARD BRYANT, OF CLINTON, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO BRUNNER MANU- FACTURING COMPANY, OF UTICA, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION. V

SPRAY GUN AND SPRAY HEAD THEREFOR.

Application filed May 14, 1927. Serial No. 191,480.

My present invention relates to spray guns or air brushes and particularly to the spray head therefor.

The purpose of my invention is to produce 5 an article of the class described where the spray head is of new and improved construction, convenient and reliable in use and allows the device to be used in avariety of .ways.

A further purpose is to provide a spray gun and spray head therefor of such construction that the spray of material forced out by the compressed air or other motive power may be readily and quickly changed from the conical form to the flattened or fanlike form or from the flattened or fan-like form to the conical form and furthermore to allow of the flattened or fan-like spray to have its plane vertical or horizontal or at any intermediate or diagonalarrangement.

A further purpose is to provide a spray head of the construction and having the advantages above mentioned and which has its parts of such construction, combination and arrangement as will 'allow of the spray gun being readily kept clean and free fromobstructions or interruptions or other irregularity of operation. 1

Further purposes and advantages of my invention will appear from the specification and claims herein.

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view through a spray gun embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 is a side view of the spray head and adjacent part of the front of the gun with the parts,in the same position as shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a central horizontal sectional view on line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are respectively front, rear and sectional views of the outer nozzle.

Figs. 7 and 8 are side and longitudinal sectional views of the intermediate nozzle.

Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the spray head similar to Fig. 2, but with the intermediate nozzle moved relative to the outer nozzle to cut off the air from the outer nozzle.

Fig. 10 is a central vertical longitudinal sectional view as the parts are shown in Fig. 9.

Referring to the drawings in a more particular description, it will be seen that the spray gun comprises a body 12 of pistol-like form having a rearward depending handle attached to the forward end 21 of the body 12 and consists of the inner or paint conveying nozzle 19, the intermediate nozzle 22, the

outer nozzle 23 and the locking ring 24.

In the air gun shown the compressed air is supplied either from a hose or other connection, not shown, attached to the lower end of the handle 13. The passage 26 leading up through the handle connects with the chamber 27 adjacent the air valve seat 28 against which seat the air valve 15 is normally held closed by expansion tension spring 29. The stem 30 of the air valve projects forwardly through a passage 31 and then out through a suitable packing so as to have the forward end of the stem engaged by the trigger 14.

The upper part of the trigger-is formed with two arms 32 straddling the body 12 and pivoted at 33 to the body. Below the pivoting points 33 there is connected to each arm 32 the forward ends of the trigger yoke 34:- The rear connecting portion of the yoke is operatively attached to and normally yieldingly pressed forward through the action of the needle valve spring 35 housed within a guide bushing 36 mounted in the body 12. The same spring by hearing against an enlargement secured to the paint valve stem 37 normally holds the paint valve 16 shut against its conical seat within the paint nozzle 19. From the passage 31 just after'the air valve 15 successive passage ways 38, 39, 10, 4:1 and outlet 17 already mentioned are provided to conduct the air to the forward end 21 of the body of the spray gun and as appears from Fig. 1 with the outlet 17 opening from said front of the gun 'just outside and above the paint nozzle 19 The amount of the paint or other material handled by the gun is controlled very largely by the extent to which the paint or material valve 16 is opened when the trigger 1 1' is drawn'to its rearm ost position. This adjustment is obtained by the adjusting nut 42 the larger rearward end of which is to the rear of the transverse portion of the trigger yoke 34 while the forward end of said nut is' in ward end of the material valve stem 37 in the guide bushing 36.

The inner or paint nozzle 19 is mounted in the forward end of the body by the rear portion 19 of said nozzle being screw-threaded into the forward end of the barrel 43 with the flange 19 fitting against a shoulder formed in the body adjacent said barrel. Forward of this flange 19 the nozzle has an angular portion 19 to receive a proper wrench to fit said nozzle in place or remove the same from the gun. Forward of the said angular portion 19 the nozzle is cone-shaped as at 19" with the extreme forward end of the nozzle again cylindrical and having therein the small central forward opening or paint outlet 18 of the nozzle 19.

Within the conical portion 19 of the paint nozzle the bore of the nozzle is conical or tapering to receive the conical paint valve 16 at the forward end of the valve stem37. In the rear end of said barrel 43 is a packing gland through which the stem 37 extends. Between the rear end of the nozzle and the forward end of the said gland the barrel 43 connects with a downwardly extending port 44 in connection with a nipple 45 to which may be connected in an obvious manner a paint supply hose or connections leading to a material cup.

Surrounding the inner nozzle 19 and concentric therewith the forward end 21 of the body 12 is provided with a flange 47 on the periphery 48 of which is rotatably mounted the intermediate nozzle 22. The rear portion 22 of this intermediate nozzle 22 is cylindrical in form while its forward portion 22 is conical in form tapering to be smaller towards its forward end 22 in which is provided the main air outlet 22 which surrounds the extreme forward end of the paint nozzle 19 but is spaced slightly therefrom. The rear end of the nozzle 22 fits smoothly against the front face 49 of the forward end of the gun and the adjacent interior surface 50 of the cylindrical portion 22 of the nozzle fits closely but rotatably upon the periphery 48 of the flange. The nozzle 22 is thus concentrically mounted with the nozzle 19 and at all parts spaced therefrom forming an air chamber 51 surrounding the nozzle 19 and leading to the main air outlet 22 close to the material outlet 18 so that when air under pressure is supplied to the chamber 51 through the air outlet 17 in the front of the gun and in the width of the flange 47 the paint or other material will be carried out from the inner nozzle by the air from the main or intermediate nozzle 22 in the form of a circular conical spray as well understood in spray guns and air brushes of thjFs general type.

rom the main air .cavity 51 in the intermediate nozzle 22 there extends outwardly ports 52 through the conical portion'22 of the nozzle 22. In the ordinary spray gun on air brush two oppositely disposed converging currents called supplemental air jets are used to flatten more or less the round spray coming from the main nozzle. I have shown this spray head as provided with two such supplemental air ets but it will be understood that the drawings and details of the description of this specification are simply illustrative of one common form of my invention and that my invention is not limited to a spray head where two oppositely disposed supplemental air jets are used, but may be applied broadly where a plurality of supplemental air jets are variously placed about the main nozzle to get special forms of the ultimate spray.

The outer nozzle 23 which carries the supplemental air outlets 53 in general shape has a conical forward part 23 and a rearward cylindrical part 23 closely fitting over and revolubly mounted respectively upon the conical part 22 and the cylindrical part 22 of the intermediate nozzle 22. The inner .end of the cylindrical part 23*, however, does not quite reach to the front surface 49 of the forward end 21 of the gun, but is provided with an outwardly projecting flange 23. Against this flange engages the inwardly extending flange 24 of the locking ring 24 which reaches to and has an exterior thread engaging the exterior threads formed on the circular forward end 21 of the body of the spray gun. The outer surface of the locking ring will be roughened, preferably knurled, to enable the locking ring to be readily tightened or loosened by hand. It will now be seen that upon moving the'locking ring 24 towards the body the outer nozzle 23 will be forced closely against the intermediate nozzle 22 and the intermediate nozzle in turn will be closely forced against the front surface 49 of the said forward end of the gun. By tightening said lockingring sufliciently both the outer and intermediate nozzles may be held in desired relative position both to each other and to the body of the gun. Conversely upon loosening said locking ring a little the outer and intermediate nozzles can be rotated relative to each other and relative to the body of the gun.

Assuming that the spray head is of the type having two oppositely disposed supplemental air outlets 53 there will be provided upon the conical portion 23 of the outer nozzle two oppositely disposed forwardly extending enlargements or bosses 54 providing sufiicient thickness for the two supplemental air outlets 53 arranged at the usual or a proper angle to each other and to the axis of the inner and intermediate nozzles. Adapted to register with the laterally, extending ports 52 in the intermediate nozzle 22 there are provided two similarly oppositely disposed ports ,55 in the conical portion 23 of the outer nozzle extending from the inner surseen that whenever the intermediate and Outer nozzles are moved relative to each other so as to bring the ports 52 into alignment with the ports 55 in the outer nozzle air will be provided from the air chamber 51 for the supplemental air jets. Reversely it will be ob vious that when relative movement of said 0 intermediate and outer nozzle is had the air supply to said supplemental air outlets will be shut off.

The forwardly projecting bosses 54 on the ..outer nozzle form convenient means for ro- 'nozzle at such relative position to the outer nozzle as to'provide air for the supplemental air jets if such jets are needed. v

' For such joint movement with a proper amount of loose movement between the intermediate and outer nozzles I provide a pin 56 projecting out a short distance from the cylindrical portion22 of the intermediate nozzle into an oppositely located slot 57 in cylindrical portion 23 of theouter nozzle. In order to readily assemble the outer nozzle upon the intermediate nozzle or to separate the parts for cleaning, a path 58 is cut through fromthe slot 57 to the rear surface of said outer nozzle. The pin 56 is of no greater height than the thickness of the cylindrical portion 23 of the ,outer nozzle so that the flange 23 of the outer nozzle does not need to be cut through for the formation of this path 58. The slot 57 will preferably be'much longer than the width of the ports 52 and 55. The pin and slot 57 are so arranged relative to each other that when the pin is at one end of ,the slot 57 the ports 52 and 55 will be opposite each other and so adapted to provide air for the supplemental air jets. As the parts are constructed and shown in the drawin the pin56 on the intermediate nozzle is at the extreme lower end of the slot 57 as seen in Fig. 2 when the ports 52 in said intermediate nozzle are in register with the ports 55 in the outer nozzle which is the -relative position as shown in Fig. 1

when'the air will be supplied to the supple- I mental air jets. With the parts still remaining in this position-it will be seen that when the trigger is operated to turn on the air and aint, a horizontal flat or fan-like spray will e produced. If it is nojv desired to still retain the flat or fan-like spray but to have the spray delivered at a different angle the looking ring 24 will be loosened and the outer nozzle rotated anti-clockwise as one looks at the front of the nozzle until the supplemental air outlets have been turned to the desired angle. If the width of the ultimate .spray is to be vertical the supplemental air outlets will be left in a horizontal plane and if the width of the ultimate spray is to'be in a diagonal direction the outer nozzle will be turned still anti-clockwise until the outlet ports are at an angle of 90 with the desired diagonal arrangement of the ultimate spray as is well known in the art. By turning the outer nozzle anticlockwise it will be seen that due to the pin being in the end of the slot where the ports 52 and 55 register the supplementalair will be still supplied to the supplemental air jets no matter to what angle the outer nozzle is turned. After the adjustment of the parts to the right angle is made the locking ring will be screwed up to hold the intermediate and outer nozzle at the desired point to which they have been adjusted.

If from the position of the parts shown in Figs. 1 and 2 or from any other position where air is being supplied to the supplemental air outlets it is desired to shut off the supplemental air outlets this will be done as follows The locking ring will be loosened and then the outer nozzle will be given a turn or several turns if necessary clockwise. By moving the outer nozzle inthis direction the outer nozzle will be moved relative to the intermediate nozzle until the pin comes to the other end of the slot 57. That is, to the relative position shown in Figs. 9 and 10. During this movement the intermediate nozzle may rotate part way, but after one or two turns the outer nozzle will be movedpast the intermediate nozzle resulting in the ports 52 and 55 being out of register. The locking ring can then be again set to hold the parts to result in the usual round conical spray. As for this spray'the supplemental air jets are not being used, the outer nozzle can be left at any position or angle and is of course not limited to the vertical arrangement of the supplemental air outlets as happens to be shown in Figs. 9 and 10.

What I claim as new and, desire to secure by 7 Letters Patent is:

1. In a spray gun, the combination of a body having a passage therethrough for liquid and a passage therethrough for air, an inner nozzle fixedly mounted on said bo'dy and communicating with said liquid conducting passage, an intermediate nozzle rotatably mounted on said body and in constant communication with said air body passage and surrounding said inner nozzle and spaced therefrom and having spaced lateral ports, an

outer nozzle rotatably mounted on said intermediate noz'zle and having a plurality of supsired position relative to each other and to the body and interengaging loose-motion stop means on said intermediate and said outer nozzles adapted to stop relative rotation of said intermediate and outer nozzles with the supplemental air ports thereof in register when rotation is had in one directionand to stop relative rotation of said parts with thesaid ports outof register when rotation of said parts is had in the reverse direction.

2. In a spray gun, the combination of a body having a passage therethrough for liquid and a passage therethrough for air, an inner nozzle fixedly mounted on said body and communicating with said liquid conducting passage, an intermediate nozzle rotatably mounted on said body and in constant communication with said air body passage and surrounding said inner nozzle and spaced therefrom and having two oppositely disposed side ports, an outer nozzle rotatably mounted on said intermediate nozzle and having two opposite supplemental air outlets and having leading to said outlets ports which are adapted to be in register with or out of register with said ports in the intermediate nozzle according to the relative position of said intermediate and outer nozzles, means for holding said intermediate nozzle and said outer nozzle in desired position relative to each other and to the body and interengaging loose-motion stop means on said intermediate and said outer nozzles adapted to stop relative rotation of said intermediate and outer nozzles with the supplemental air ports thereof in register when rotation is had in one direction nd to stop relative rotation of said parts wit the said ports out of register when rotation of said parts is had in the reverse direction.

3. In a spray gun, the combination of a body having a passage therethrough for liqv uid and a passage therethrough for air, said body having a portion adjacent the outlets of said passages screw-threaded, an inner noz zle fixedly mounted on said body and communicating with said liquid conducting passage,- an intermediate nozzle rotatably mounted on said body and in constant communication with said air body passage and surrounding said inner nozzle and spaced therefrom and having spaced lateral ports, an outer nozzle rotatably mounted on said intermediate nozzle and having a plurality of supplemental air outlets and having leading to said outlets, ports which are adapted to be in register with or out of register with said ports in the intermediate nozzle according to the relative position'of said intermediate and outer nozzles, a locking ring bearing'against. the outer nozzle and screw-threaded to the diate and said outer nozzles adapted to stop relative rotation of said intermediate and outer nozzles with the supplemental air ports thereof in register when rotation is had in one direction and to stop relative rotation of said parts with the said ports out of register when rotation of said parts is had in the reverse direction.

4. In a spray gun, the combination of a body having a passage therethrough for liquid and a passage therethrough for air, said body having a portion adjacent the outlets of said passages screw-threaded, an inner nozzle fixedly mounted on said body and communicating with said liquid conducting passage, an intermediate nozzle rotatably mounted on said body and in constant communication With said air body passage and surrounding said inner nozzle and spaced therefrom and having two oppositely disposed side ports, an outer nozzle rotatablymounted on said inter mediate nozzle andhaving two opposite supplemental air outlets and having leading to said outlets ports which are adapted to be in register with or out of register with said ports in the intermediate nozzle according to the relative position of said intermediate and outer nozzles, a locking ring bearing against the outer nozzle and screw-threaded to the body whereby on loosening said ring the intermediate and outer nozzles may be adjusted to desired position relative to each other and to the body and then held in such position by tightening said locking ring and interengaging loose-motion stop means on said intermediate and said outer nozzles adapted to stop relative rotation of said intermediate and outer nozzles with the supplemental air ports thereof in register when rotation is had in one direction and to stop relative rotation of said ports with the said ports out of register when rotation of said parts is had in the reverse direction.

5. In a spray gun, the combination of a body having a passage therethrough for liquid and a passage therethrough for air, an

inner nozzle fixedly mounted on said body intermediate nozzle and having a plurality of supplemental air outlets and having leading to said outlets, ports which are adapted to be the relative position of said intermediate and 5 outer nozzles, means for holding said intermediate nozzle and said outer nozzle in desired position relative to each other and to the body and an outwardly projecting pin on the intermediate nozzle sliding in a slot extend ing for a limited portion of the circumference of the outer air nozzle and forming a loose-motion stop means adapted to stop relative rotation of said intermediate and outer nozzles with the supplemental air ports thereof in register when rotation is had in one direction and to stop relative rotation of said parts with the said ports out of register when rotation of said parts is had in the reverse direction.

In witness whereof I have aflixed my sig- 20 nature, this 27th day of April, 1927.

GEORGE WILLARD BRYANT. 

